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Architecture Advanced

How production AI platforms are really designed — at scale, with security, cost and failure modes on the table. Builds on the free Architecture notes.

What's inside

01

Multi-tenant RAG platform

Per-customer isolation, permission-aware retrieval, incremental ingestion of millions of documents, hybrid search and re-ranking.

TenancyACL filteringIngestion queues

02

LLM gateway

One entry point for every model: routing, fallbacks between providers, token-based rate limits, semantic caching and cost per team.

RoutingFallbacksCost control

03

Enterprise agent platform

Tool registry with permissions, human approval for risky actions, sandboxed execution, step budgets and full tracing.

Tool governanceApprovalsTracing

04

Real-time voice AI agent

WebRTC audio, streaming speech-to-text → LLM → text-to-speech, interruptions (barge-in) and a sub-second latency budget.

WebRTCStreamingLatency budget

05

Document intelligence pipeline

OCR, layout and table extraction, schema-validated output, confidence scoring and a human review queue for edge cases.

OCRStructured outputHuman-in-the-loop

06

LLM evaluation & observability

Golden datasets, LLM-as-judge with calibration, production tracing, dashboards and regression gates in CI.

LLMOpsEvalsCI gates

07

GraphRAG & knowledge graphs

Entity and relation extraction, combining graph traversal with vector search for multi-hop questions.

Knowledge graphMulti-hopHybrid retrieval

08

Guardrails & safety layer

Prompt-injection defence, PII redaction, output validation and a policy engine shared by every AI feature.

SecurityPIIPolicy

Every architecture includes

  • Requirements and scale estimates (users, documents, requests, tokens)
  • Component diagrams for the offline and online paths
  • Trade-off tables — what to choose, and when not to
  • Failure modes, security review and cost model
  • The interview questions it answers, with model answers